Die Rolle von „Wendepunkt-Fällen“ bei der Umsetzung von Maßnahmen gegen geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt und Belästigung in englischen Hochschulen

Autor/innen

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17169/ogj.2025.301

Schlagworte:

England, Gewalt, Hochschule, Sexuelle Belästigung, Universität

Abstract

Die Bekämpfung geschlechtsspezifischer Gewalt und Belästigung ist eine zunehmend dringende Aufgabe für Hochschuleinrichtungen auf der ganzen Welt. In diesem Artikel wird untersucht, warum Hochschulen bei der Umsetzung von Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung geschlechtsspezifischer Gewalt und Belästigung unterschiedliche Ansätze verfolgen. Anhand eines vergleichenden Fallstudienansatzes an zwei unterschiedlichen englischen Hochschulen konzentriert er sich auf einen spezifischen Aspekt der Politikumsetzung, der eine besondere Herausforderung darstellte: die Bearbeitung formeller Meldungen. Eine Hochschuleinrichtung hatte die nationalen gesetzlichen Vorgaben in diesem Bereich umgesetzt, die andere nicht. In keinem der beiden Fälle wurde die Arbeit der Hochschuleinrichtungen in diesem Bereich in erster Linie durch die nationalen Leitlinien bestimmt; stattdessen wurde die proaktive Reaktion in einer Hochschuleinrichtung durch einen „Wendepunkt“ im Bereich der sexuellen Gewalt geprägt. Der Artikel problematisiert Analysen, die den Hochschulsektor in dieser Frage als einheitlich betrachten, und zeigt eine kompliziertere Realität auf, in der sich die institutionellen Akteure der Probleme mit den institutionellen Prozessen sehr bewusst sind und in der die Kultur geschlechtsspezifischer Gewalt und Belästigung die Umsetzung der Politik prägt.

Autor/innen-Biografie

Anna Bull, University of York

Dr. Anna Bull ist Dozentin für Bildung und soziale Gerechtigkeit an der University of York und Direktorin der 1752 Group, einer Forschungs- und Kampagnenorganisation, die sich mit sexuellem Fehlverhalten in der Hochschulbildung befasst. Sie erforscht Ungleichheiten in der klassischen Musik und sexuelle Belästigung in der Hochschulbildung und in der Kreativwirtschaft. Sie ist Preisträgerin des Philip-Abrams-Preises 2020 der British Sociological Association und ihre Forschung wurde unter anderem vom britischen Economic and Social Research Council, der British Academy und Research England finanziert. Die Fachzeitschrift Times Higher Education ernannte sie für ihre Forschung über sexuelles Fehlverhalten an Universitäten zu einem der „Gesichter des Jahres 2021“.

Literaturhinweise

AdvanceHE (2020): Evaluation of Safeguarding Students Catalyst Fund Projects. Round three. Final report. Office for Students. https:/www.officeforstudents.org.uk/media/e3c0bd5e-7e03-4235-941a-f933da269728/catalyst-evaluation-summative-report.pdf (last accessed 04 February 2025).

Ahmed, Sara (2021): Complaint! Durham: Duke University Press Books. doi: 10.1215/9781478022336

Ahmed, Sara (2012): On Being Included. Racism and Diversity in Institutional Life. Durham, London: Duke University Press. doi: 10.1515/9780822395324

Australian Government (2024): Action Plan. Addressing Gender-based Violence in Higher Education. https://www.education.gov.au/action-plan-addressing-genderbased-violence-higher-education (last accessed 26 February 2024).

Bagley, Constance E./Natarajan, Priyamvada/Vayzman, Liena/Wexler, Laura/McCarthy, Shirley (2012): Implementing Yale’s Sexual Misconduct Policy. The Process of Institutional Change. In: Change. The Magazine of Higher Learning 44 (2), 7–15. doi: 10.1080/00091383.2012.655213

Bedera, Nicole (2024): On the Wrong Side: How Universities Protect Perpetrators and Betray Survivors of Sexual Violence. Berkeley: University of California Press. doi: 10.1525/9780520395909

Bedera, Nicole (2023): I Can Protect His Future, but She Can’t Be Helped. Himpathy and Hysteria in Administrator Rationalizations of Institutional Betrayal. In: The Journal of Higher Education 95 (1), 30–53. doi: 10.1080/00221546.2023.2195771

Bedera, Nicole (2022): The Illusion of Choice. Organizational Dependency and the Neutralization of University Sexual Assault Complaints. In: Law & Policy 44 (3), 208–229. doi: 10.1111/lapo.12194

Beres, Melanie A./Treharne, Gareth J./Stojanov, Zoran (2019): A Whole Campus Approach to Sexual Violence. The University of Otago Model. In: Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 41 (6), 646–662. doi: 10.1080/1360080X.2019.1613298

Bergeron, Manon/Goyer, Marie-France/Hébert, Martine/Ricci, Sandrine (2019): Sexual Violence on University Campuses. Differences and Similarities in the Experiences of Students, Professors and Employees. In: Canadian Journal of Higher Education/Revue canadienne d’enseignement supérieur 49 (3), 88–103. doi: 10.7202/1066637ar

Boliver, Vikki (2015): Are There Distinctive Clusters of Higher and Lower Status Universities in the UK? In: Oxford Review of Education 41 (5), 608–627. doi: 10.1080/03054985.2015.1082905

Brodsky, Alexandra (2021): Sexual Justice: Supporting Victims, Ensuring Due Process, and Resisting the Conservative Backlash. New York: Metropolitan Books.

Bull, Anna (2024a): Learning from Survivors. Reporting Parties’ Perspectives on How Higher Education Institutions Should Address Gender-Based Violence and Harassment. In: Higher Education Quarterly 78 (2), 1123–1137. doi: 10.1111/hequ.12517

Bull, Anna (2024b): Office for Students’ Regulation. Our Perspective. The 1752 Group. https://1752group.com/office-for-students-regulation-our-perspective/ (last accessed 14 December 2024).

Bull, Anna (2022): Catalysts and Rationales for Reporting Staff Sexual Misconduct to UK Higher Education Institutions. In: Journal of Gender-Based Violence 6 (1), 45–60. doi: 10.1332/239868021X16270572218631

Bull, Anna/Calvert-Lee, Georgina/Page, Tiffany (2021): Discrimination in the Complaints Process. Introducing the Sector Guidance to Address Staff Sexual Misconduct in UK Higher Education. In: Perspectives. Policy and Practice in Higher Education 25 (2), 72–77. doi: 10.1080/13603108.2020.1823512

Bull, Anna/Dey, Adrija (2022): Power, Hierarchies, and Higher Education Rape on Campus in India and the UK. In: Horvath, Miranda/Brown, Jennifer (Ed.): Rape. Challenging Contemporary Thinking, 10 Years On. London: Routledge, 78–92. doi: 10.4324/9781003163800-8

Bull, Anna/Duggan, Marian/Livesey, Louise (2022): Researching Students’ Experiences of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence and Harassment: Reflections and Recommendations from Surveys of Three UK HEIs. In: Social Sciences 11 (8), 373. doi: 10.3390/socsci11080373

Bull, Anna/Page, Tiffany (2022): The Governance of Complaints in UK Higher Education. Critically Examining “Remedies” for Staff Sexual Misconduct. In: Social & Legal Studies 31 (1), 27–49. doi: 10.1177/09646639211002243

Bull, Anna/Shannon, Erin (2024): How Do Institutional Gender Regimes Affect Formal Reporting Processes for Sexual Harassment? A Qualitative Study of UK Higher Education. In: Law & Policy. doi: 10.1111/lapo.12255

Bull, Anna/Shannon, Erin (2023): Higher Education After #MeToo. Institutional Responses to Reports of Gender-based Violence and Harassment. York: The 1752 Group/University of York. https://1752group.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/higher-education-after-metoo_full-report-1.pdf (last accessed 4 February 2025).

Bull, Anna/Turner-McIntyre, Hayley (2023): What Institution-level Surveys of Sexual Violence and Harassment Can Reveal. Wonkhe. https://wonkhe.com/blogs/what-institution-level-surveys-of-sexual-violence-and-harassment-can-reveal-2/ (last accessed 5 October 2023).

Campbell, Rebecca/Munford, Andrea/Moylan, Carrie A./PettyJohn, Morgan E./Schweda, Kelly/Fedewa, Tana/Rosen, Holly/Ferguson, Mary Ann/Beal, Jesse/Buchanan, NiCole T. (2022): Creating a University Strategic Plan to Address Relationship Violence and Sexual Misconduct (RVSM). An Application of Principles-Focused Evaluation at Michigan State University. In: Violence Against Women. doi: 10.1177/10778012221130106

Cowan, Sharon/Munro, Vanessa E. (2021): Seeking Campus Justice. Challenging the “criminal Justice Drift” in United Kingdom University Responses to Student Sexual Violence and Misconduct. In: Journal of Law and Society 48 (3), 308–333. doi: 10.1111/jols.12306

Cowan, Sharon/Munro, Vanessa E./Bull, Anna/DiSantis, Clarissa J./Prince, Kelly (2024): Data, Disclosure and Duties. Balancing Privacy and Safeguarding in the Context of UK University Student Sexual Misconduct Complaints. In: Legal Studies, 1–20. doi: 10.1017/lst.2024.9

Cruz, Jacqueline (2021): The Constraints of Fear and Neutrality in Title IX Administrators’Responses to Sexual Violence. In: The Journal of Higher Education 92 (3), 363–384. doi: 10.1080/00221546.2020.1809268

David, Raluca/Phillips, Toby (2023): The Gender Digital Gap. Shifting the Theoretical Focus to Systems Analysis and Feedback Loops. In: Information, Communication & Society 26 (10), 2071–2087. doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2022.2069507

End Violence Against Women Coalition (2015): Women Students: Safe and Equal. https://www.endviolenceagainstwomen.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Women_Students_Safe_and_Equal_Activist_Guide.pdf (last accessed 4 February 2025).

Engeli, Isabelle/Mazur, Amy (2018): Taking Implementation Seriously in Assessing Success. The Politics of Gender Equality Policy. doi: 10.1332/251510818X15282097548558

Herman, Judith (2023): Truth and Repair. How Trauma Survivors Envision Justice. New York: Basic Books.

Jackson, Carolyn/Sundaram, Vanita (2020): Lad Culture in Higher Education. Sexism, Sexual Harassment and Violence. New York: Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203702901

Jordan, Ana/Anitha, Sundari/Chanamuto, Nicola (2023): Policies on Gender-based Violence in UK Universities. Understanding Current Practice, Mapping Future Directions. Brayford Pool: University of Lincoln. Lewis, Ruth/Marine, Susan B. (2019): Guest Editors’ Introduction. In: Violence Against Women 25 (11), 1283–1289. doi: 10.1177/1077801219844598

Lombardo, Emanuela/Bustelo, Maria (2022): Sexual and Sexist Harassment in Spanish Universities. Policy Implementation and Resistances Against Gender Equality Measures. In: Journal of Gender Studies 31 (1), 8–22. doi: 10.1080/09589236.2021.1924643

Marine, Susan/Lewis, Ruth (2020): Collaborating for Change: Transforming Cultures to End Gender-Based Violence in Higher Education. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/oso/9780190071820.001.0001

McCall, Deanna/Luu, Xuan/Krogh, Chris/Phelan, Liam/Dempsey, Amy/Acosta, Carmen/Marshall, Fiona/Svejkar, Domenic/Pruscino, Catharine/Beres, Melanie A. (2024): A Comparative Account of Institutional Approaches to Addressing Campus-Based Sexual Violence in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. In: Violence Against Women 30 (6–7), 1586–1613. doi: 10.1177/10778012231183654

McGlynn, Clare/Westmarland, Nicole (2019): Kaleidoscopic Justice. Sexual Violence and Victim-Survivors’ Perceptions of Justice. In: Social & Legal Studies 28 (2), 179–201. doi: 10.1177/0964663918761200

National Union of Students (2010): Hidden Marks. A Study of Women Students’ Experiences of Harassment, Stalking, Violence and Sexual Assault. https://inside-man.co.uk/files/global/nus_hidden_marks_report_2nd_edition_web.pdf (last accessed 4 February 2025).

Office for Students (2024): Consultation on a New Approach to Regulating Harassment and Sexual Misconduct in English Higher Education. Analysis of Consultation Responses and Decisions. https://www.officeforstudents.org.uk/media/7939/harassment-and-sexual-misconduct-consultation-2023-final.pdf (last accessed 4 February 2025).

Oman, Susan/Bull, Anna (2022): Joining up Well-being and Sexual Misconduct Data and Policy in HE. “To Stand in the Gap” as a Feminist Approach. In: The Sociological Review 70 (1), 21–38. doi: 10.1177/00380261211049024

Phipps, Alison (2018): Reckoning Up. Sexual Harassment and Violence in the Neoliberal University. In: Gender and Education 32 (2), 227–243. doi: 10.1080/09540253.2018.1482413

Pinsent Masons/Universities UK (2016): Guidance for Higher Education Institutions How to Handle Alleged Student Misconduct Which May Also Constitute a Criminal Offence. https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/sites/default/files/field/downloads/2021-07/guidance-for-higher-education-institutions.pdf (last accessed 4 February 2025).

Ranea-Triviño, Beatriz/Pajares, Lorena/Bustelo, María/Jaquetto Pereira, Bruna Cristina (2022): UniSAFE D5.2. Report on Case Studies on the Effects and Consequences of Institutional Responses to Gender-based Violence Along the 7Ps in Research Performing Organisations. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7540187

Reynolds, Megan/Anyadike-Danes, Ngozi/Lagdon, Susan/Aventin, Áine/Armour, Cherie (2023): Prevalence of Unwanted Sexual Experiences and Their Associations on University Students in the United States, United Kingdom, and Ireland. A Systematic Review. In: Journal of Sexual Aggression 0 (0), 1–32. doi: 10.1080/13552600.2023.2243992

Richards, Tara N./Gillespie, Lane Kirkland/Claxton, Taylor (2021): Examining Incidents of Sexual Misconduct Reported to Title IX Coordinators. Results From New York’s Institutions of Higher Education. In: Journal of School Violence 20 (3), 374–387. doi: 10.1080/15388220.2021.1913599

Shannon, Erin R./Bull, Anna (2024): Unwilling Trust. Unpacking the Assumption of Trust Between Sexual Misconduct Reporters and Their Institutions in UK Higher Education. In: Sociology Compass 18 (3), E13197. doi: 10.1111/soc4.13197

Simonsson, Angelica/Ovesen, Nicole/Steinþórsdóttir, Finnborg Salome/Husu, Liisa (2024): Rethinking Institutional Responses to Gender-Based Violence in Academia as Forms of Care in the Nordic Context. In: Open Gender Journal 8. doi: 10.17169/ogj.2024.238

Steele, Bridget/Martin, Mackenzie/Sciarra, Alessandra/Melendez-Torres, G.J./Degli Esposti, Michelle/Humphreys, David K. (2023): The Prevalence of Sexual Assault Among Higher Education Students. A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses. In: Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 25 (3). doi: 10.1177/15248380231196119

SUMS Consulting (2022): Evaluation Report. Findings From a Survey of Higher Education Providers. Office for Students. https://www.officeforstudents.org.uk/media/772fdecd-86d5-4457-8921-4e2969cb634d/evaluation-ofimpact-of-statement-of-expectations-final-report.pdf (last accessed 4 February 2025).

Towl, Graham (2016): Tackling Sexual Violence at UK Universities. A Case Study. In: Contemporary Social Science 11 (4), 432–437. doi: 10.1080/21582041.2016.1260764

Universities UK (2019): Changing the Culture. Tackling Gender-based Violence, Harassment and Hate Crime. Two Years On. https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/sites/default/files/field/downloads/2021-07/uuk-changing-the-culture-two-years-on.pdf (last accessed 4 February 2025).

Universities UK (2016): Changing the Culture. Report of the Universities UK Taskforce Examining Violence Against Women, Harassment and Hate Crime Affecting University Students. https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/sites/default/files/field/downloads/2021-07/changing-the-culture.pdf (last accessed 4 February 2025).

Wise, Sue/Stanley, Liz (1993): Breaking Out Again. Feminist Ontology and Epistemology. 2 Edition. London: Routledge.

Yin, Robert Y. (2013): Case Study Research. Design and Methods. Fifth Edition. Los Angeles: SAGE.

Cover: Genderspezifische und sexualisierte Belästigung Diskriminierung Gewalt im Hochschulkontext

Downloads

Veröffentlicht

2025-02-11

Zitationsvorschlag

Bull, A. (2025). Die Rolle von „Wendepunkt-Fällen“ bei der Umsetzung von Maßnahmen gegen geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt und Belästigung in englischen Hochschulen. Open Gender Journal, 9. https://doi.org/10.17169/ogj.2025.301

Ausgabe

Bd. 9 (2025): Open Gender Journal

Rubrik

Debate Feminista x Open Gender Journal

Kategorien

Lizenz

Copyright (c) 2025 Anna Bull

Creative-Commons-Lizenz
Dieses Werk steht unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International.

Alle Beiträge in Open Gender Journal erscheinen unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Die entsprechenden Texte dürfen Sie unter den Bedingungen der Lizenz frei nutzen (Lizenzvertrag, allgemeinverständliche Fassung). Es findet keine exklusive Übertragung von Verwertungsrechten („copyright transfer“) an die Zeitschrift statt. Open Gender Journal stellt den Autor*innen keinerlei Kosten für die Publikation (sogenannte Article Processing Charges, APC) oder die Einreichung (sog. Submission Charges) in Rechnung. Die Autor_innen werden ermutigt, ihre Beiträge auch an anderen Orten, z.B. in Repositorien, einzustellen. 

Funding data